Electrical energy consumed by the groups to raise water to the reservoir for energy production, including energy spent on ancillary services and losses.

Unit in which the specific units used for the different forms of energy are converted. In the SI system, the regulatory unit is the joule or kilowatt-hour; However, units outside the SI system, display units referred to as conventional units, are still commonly used; They are associated with the use of equivalence coefficients and allow to add, in the global balances, differentamounts of energy; Among the most common are the equivalent ton of coal (tec) and the equivalent ton of petroleum (tep); Although they are not admitted to the SI system, the calorie and its multiples are still used, as well as some other physical units outside that system, such as the British thermal unit (Btu).
Note: The use of presentation units reflects the structure of energy systems, based essentially on the use of coal and oil. They are conventionally defined in terms of energy units (joule and sometimes calorie or thermia).

Balance relating to a single form of energy or to very close forms (eg petroleum products, coal products, etc.) where all quantities produced, processed and consumed in a given geographical area and in a given time period are expressed in unit (Mass, volume, etc.) or in an energy unit (eg joule and its multiples). There are therefore gas, oil, coal balances, electric balances, etc.
Note 1: Products accounted for are a function of the particular resources or habits of a given country.
Note 2: Sometimes the basic energy framework is referred to as the juxtaposition of all balance sheets by energy forms. This is an overall picture of the quantities of energy produced, processed and consumed, in a given geographical area and in a given period of time, independent of each form of energy, whether it is primary or derived energy. Quantities are expressed in specific units but their presentation is made in a common framework; To move to the global balance, it is necessary to define the energy accounting system adopted, the aggregation principles, the conversion and equivalence coefficients, the signal conventions for stock changes, returns and transfers, and the inputs and outputs of transformation.

Sum of the energy produced by the plant itself with which it is received from other sources and which is also supplied to the grid.

The quotient of the net quantity of energy imported by the total amount of energy consumed in a given geographical or economic entity over a given period. This rate can also be calculated for a particular form of energy. The rate of energy independence can also be calculated. Quotient of the primary energy production of a given geographical or economic entity by total energy consumption; this ratio approximately reflects the coverage of the needs by the resources of that entity. Note 1: The two rates are not complementary in that the addition of the two percentages is not equal to 100% by the game of stock changes. Note 2: When a country has an export balance the energy dependency ratio may be negative.

Process of describing and analyzing the energy system of a country or region in its internal functioning and in its relations with other systems. The analytical phase is followed by a synthesis phase of the different elements collected, which allows to formulate a judgment on the past and present energy situation.
Note: This concept should not be confused that covers the macroeconomic level with the energy audit (or sometimes simply thermal diagnosis) that applies to the control of an installation.

The quotient between the total amount of energy emitted by a surface at a given temperature and its area.

Relationship between gross domestic consumption or final energy consumption and gross domestic product.
Note: This indicator is of great importance for assessing the energy evolution of an economic system and the effectiveness of a country's energy use.

Energy that can be harnessed by exploiting certain physical or chemical characteristics of the tides: tidal energy, wave energy, thermal gradients, salinity gradients, sea currents, etc.
Note: In the case of energy sources intended to meet consumer demand, ocean energies should normally be supplemented or considered as support for a more available energy source or be built up using an energy storage system energy.

Set of the amounts of energy present in nature which can be taken into account in respect of their economic exploitation; Resources and sources of energy.
Note: In energy savings, supply represents the amount of energy put into the market to be consumed.

Maximum amount of energy that can be produced during a certain period of time.

Fossil materials obtained or useful in nature, which contain energy that can be released chemically or physically. Energy raw materials of fossil and mineral origin include, in particular, solid, liquid, gaseous fossil fuels and minerals intended for the production of nuclear fuels (uranium and thorium).

Part of the economy applied to energy problems, with a particular aim of analyzing the supply and demand of energy and studying, valuing and planning the means to assure the satisfaction of needs in a context that is, in most cases, national but Can also be international.

Measures provided to an energy user leading to improved energy efficiency and / or primary energy savings.

All which allows us to produce useful energy directly or by transformation. From the point of view of energy economics, the expressions "energy", "energy sources", "energy forms", "energy agents" and "energy vectors" are used interchangeably. The main sources of energy are: Solid fuels; Liquid and gaseous fuels; Hydraulic energy; Nuclear energy; Electricity; Solar energy; Biomass energy; Wind power; Energy of the oceans; Geothermal energy; Nuclear fusion energy. Note: It is recommended that each energy source be designated by its specific name, as all generic nomenclatures may be ambiguous. For example, the expression "new energies" may apply to forms of energy that have been used for a long time but are now used more systematically or with the aid of sophisticated techniques. On the contrary, the term classical energy (or improperly designated by conventional energy) -which often applies to fossil energies and also to electric energy-has only a very vague and evolutionary sense over time. As for renewable energies, they can be continuously renewable (permanent flow), renewable by short (eg annual) cycles, on a generation or multi-generation scale; They can still be partially or totally renewable. Sometimes the expressions energy-flow and energy-stock are used to differentiate renewable energies from non-renewable energies; Are terms that have the same ambiguity. On the other hand, expressions such as sweet energy and hard energy (which do not correspond to any physical reality) have a connotation that is more sociological than technical or economic. Thus, all these generic expressions should not be used except in an indicative and qualitative way.

Thermodynamic magnitude used to calculate the energy of a system that remains intact during a process or a reaction. Is equal to the sum of the internal energy with the product of pressure and volume. H = U + pv

Generic term that designates all the devices that allow to keep the mine excavations open in safe conditions as to the stability of the land that surrounds them.

Thermodynamic greatness that allows to appreciate the degradation of a process. In the case of energy, it is used to evaluate the amount of energy received or supplied by a medium. An increase in entropy corresponds to a decrease in exergy. Note: The absolute value of the entropy is not known. Only its variation can be defined as the ratio between the variation of the amount of heat received or supplied by a body and the thermodynamic temperature of the latter.

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